The initiation of cellular differentiation involves alterations in gene expression that depend
on chromatin changes, at the level of both higher-order structures and individual genes. …

Tissue regeneration requires coordination between resident stem cells and local niche cells
1 , 2 . Here we identify that senescent cells are integral components of the skeletal muscle …

B cells can suppress autoimmunity by secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10). Although subpopulations
of splenic B lineage cells are reported to express IL-10 in vitro, the identity of IL-10-…

… Modified from Ohkawa et al17 with permission. HGF, hepatocyte growth factor … We also
thank K Kaneko, N Esaki, T Mizuno, Y Nakayasu, S Yamamoto, and Y Kitaura for excellent …

Gangliosides are considered to be involved in the maintenance and repair of nervous
tissues. Recently, novel roles of gangliosides in the regulation of complement system were …

Central nervous system (CNS) injury transforms naive astrocytes into reactive astrocytes,
which eventually become scar-forming astrocytes that can impair axonal regeneration and …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a range of neurodevelopmental disorders
characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as by restricted and …

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have been used as markers of plant defense responses,
and are classified into 17 families. However, precise information on the majority members …

The activation of muscle-specific gene expression requires the coordinated action of muscle
regulatory proteins and chromatin-remodeling enzymes. Microarray analysis performed in …

In eukaryotic cells, post-translational histone modifications have an important role in gene
regulation. Starting with early work on histone acetylation 1 , a variety of residue-specific …