Elucidating the role of molecular stochasticity 1 in cellular growth is central to understanding
phenotypic heterogeneity 2 and the stability of cellular proliferation 3 . The inherent …

The ability to reverse protein aggregation is vital to cells 1 , 2 . Hsp100 disaggregases such
as ClpB and Hsp104 are proposed to catalyse this reaction by translocating polypeptide …

Epistatic interactions can frustrate and shape evolutionary change. Indeed, phenotypes may
fail to evolve when essential mutations are only accessible through positive selection if they …

The collapse of polypeptides is thought important to protein folding, aggregation, intrinsic
disorder, and phase separation. However, whether polypeptide collapse is modulated in cells …

In this work, three dehydrin genes, QrDhn1, QrDhn2, QrDhn3, were isolated from recalcitrant
oak (Quercus robur). Their expression pattern was analyzed in both zygotic and somatic …

Many proteins form dynamic complexes with DNA, RNA, and other proteins, which often
involves protein conformational changes that are key to function. Yet, methods to probe these …

The developmental stages of oak zygotic embryos (ZEs) are characterized here according
to morphological and physiological features. Seeds were harvested from June to September …

Single molecule techniques are particularly well suited for investigating the processes of
protein folding and chaperone assistance. However, current assays provide only a limited …

The expression patterns of the storage protein legumin gene and Em- and dehydrin-like
homologues were investigated in somatic embryos from Quercus robur L. The effect of different …

The oak Em gene, QrEm, was isolated from Quercus robur L. zygotic embryos in RT-PCR
using degenerate primers. The full-length cDNA was obtained by RACE. Sequence analyses …