Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) are polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based
markers for the rapid screening of genetic diversity. AFLP methods rapidly generate …

Darwin recognized that natural selection could not favor a trait in one species solely for the
benefit of another species. The modern, selfish‐gene view of the world suggests that …

Mutualisms are of fundamental importance in all ecosystems but their very existence poses
a series of challenging evolutionary questions. Recently, the application of molecular …

… Wang & UG Mueller, unpublished data), but their roles remain largely unknown. Although
some of these secondary microbes may be neutral or detrimental to garden health and …

… of lower-attine cultivars from Trinidad (SA Rehner and UG Mueller, unpublished data). … UG
Mueller, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama…

Animal and plant microbiomes encompass diverse microbial communities that colonize
every accessible host tissue. These microbiomes enhance host functions, contributing to host …

Arising from MA Nowak, CE Tarnita & EO Wilson Nature466, 1057–1062 (2010)10.1038/nature09205
; Nowak et al. reply Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of …

The symbiosis between fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate for food has been
shaped by 50 million years of coevolution. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this long …

Gardens of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Attini) traditionally have been thought to be
free of microbial parasites, with the fungal mutualist maintained in nearly pure “monocultures.” …

… Mueller and B. Ferster, unpublished data. 18. … Chapela, UG Mueller, TR Schultz, in preparation;
UG Mueller and 1. H. … minutus is unclear (TR Schultz and UG Mueller, unpublished data). …