We present a complete phylogeny of macroperforate planktonic foraminifer species of the
Cenozoic Era (∼65 million years ago to present). The phylogeny is developed from a large …

Matrix population models are tools for elucidating the association between demographic
processes and population dynamics. A large amount of useful theory pivots on the assumption …

… Clade growth [ ln ( N t + 1 N t ) , detrended, where N t is the number of species in each 1-million-year
bin t] was poorly predicted by climate (Fig. 2A and table S1) (18). Models based on …

Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future agendas
in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify research …

… Interestingly we don’t find this association in the subsets of mammals and ectotherms (Supplementary
Table 2 and Supplementary Fig. 2). In the case of the Mammalia subset, high …

… influence on the eventual phenotype of these components depends on the predictability
of environmental change (fast or slow, sinusoidal or stochastic) and the developmental lag t …

Both active and passive forest restoration schemes are used in degraded landscapes
across the world to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Restoration is …

… of δ = ln(N t +1 /N t )), where N is population size and t is time, was … growth as the variables
w = N t +1 /N t and δ = ln(w). We … t as r t and the number of deaths between t and t + 1 as m t , …

… t to t+1 as the number of individuals in the study area in year t+1 divided by the corresponding
number in year t… significant (using one- or two-tailed t- or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; figure …

… where G aa , G bb and G ab are the variances of a t and b t and the covariance of a t and b t
respectively, … The covariances Inline Formula and Inline Formula of z t with a t and b t satisfy …