Aims/hypothesis Metformin use has been associated with reduced incidence of dementia in
diabetic individuals in observational studies. However, the causality between the two in the …

… F statistics provide an indication of instrument strength 22 and are a function of R 2 (how
much variance in the trait is explained by the set of genetic instruments being used), the number …

… one were not publicly available, we used summary estimates from Korologou- Linden et
al. (… in the outcome GWAS, we searched for proxy variants using the LDLink online tool (r 2 …

Background It is established that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients experience sleep
disruption. However, it remains unknown whether disruption in the quantity, quality or timing of …

Whether smoking-associated DNA methylation has a causal effect on lung function has not
been thoroughly evaluated. We first investigated the causal effects of 474 smoking-…

… We did this by applying the R package ‘dist’ to compare the distances between our MR
estimates for the same gene across the eight cognitive traits and psychiatric disorders. These …

Background High prices of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead
to restrictions on access to treatment in high- and middle-income countries. An increasing …

Objectives The National Health Service in England (NHS England) does not provide pre‐exposure
prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV, forcing people to purchase generic versions on the …

… The APOE region explains a large proportion of the variance in the polygenic risk score (R
2 … The GWAS on the blood-based biomarkers was performed by Roxanna Korologou-Linden, …

Aims Iron deficiency anaemia frequently complicates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in
children and adults. Oral iron may exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms and absorption may …