The cilium is an antenna-like organelle that performs numerous cellular functions, including
motility, sensing, and signaling. The base of the cilium contains a selective barrier that …

We present a new software package called Focus that interfaces cryo-transmission electron
microscopy (cryo-EM) data collection with computer image processing. Focus creates a user-…

Cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) visualizes the 3D spatial distribution of
macromolecules at nanometer resolution inside native cells. However, automated identification of …

Filamentous enzymes have been found in all domains of life, but the advantage of filamentation
is often elusive 1 . Some anaerobic, autotrophic bacteria have an unusual filamentous …

Focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) is a key component of the membrane proximal signaling
layer in focal adhesion complexes, regulating important cellular processes, including cell …

Background and Objective Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is an imaging technique
that enables 3D visualization of the native cellular environment at sub-nanometer resolution, …

Urease converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide and makes urea available as a
nitrogen source for all forms of life except animals. In human bacterial pathogens, ureases also …

Electron crystallography can reveal the structure of membrane proteins within 2D crystals
under close-to-native conditions. High-resolution structural information can only be reached if …

The thyroglobulin (TG) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, plays a vital role in
the regulation of metabolism, development and growth and serves as intraglandular iodine …

Cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) is an imaging technique capable of visualizing vitrified
biological samples at sub-nanometer resolution in 3D. However, beam-induced damage …