Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …

… U-tier, M-tier and L-tier stand for upper, middle and lower tier, respectively. The inner (IM)
and outer (OM) membranes are indicated. (b) pKM101 core complex (EMD-2232) (top) and …

Cytoplasmic dynein is the major motor protein responsible for microtubule minus-end–directed
movements in most eukaryotic cells. It transports a variety of cargoes and has numerous …

… Clarified lysates were loaded onto a Mono Q ion exchange column (GE Healthcare)
equilibrated with 20 mM Bis/Tris buffer at pH 6.0 and a linear NaCl gradient from 0 to 0.5 M was …

… been buffer exchanged into coupling buffer (0.2 M NaHC0 3 , 0.5 M NaCl, pH = 8.3), was …
A (0.5 M ethanoloamine pH = 8.3), 6 ml of buffer B (0.1 M sodium acetate pH = 4.0, 0.5 M NaCl) …

Cytoplasmic dynein is involved in a multitude of essential cellular functions. Dynein's activity
is controlled by the combinatorial action of several regulatory proteins. The molecular …

Bacterial conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, is the major means by which
antibiotic resistance spreads among bacteria (1, 2). Conjugative plasmids are transferred …

Peptic ulcer disease is a frequent clinical problem with potentially serious complications such
as bleeding or perforation. A decisive factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is gastric …

Cytoplasmic dynein is a motor essential for numerous mechanical processes in eukaryotic
cells. How its activity is regulated is largely unknown. By using a combination of approaches …

… tractor KhTZ-242K depending on the mass of the tractor, which varied from 8600 kg to 10100
kg by changing the ballast mass. The maximum tractive power of the tractor … m of the tractor …