To survive, plants and animals must continually defend against pathogenic microbes that
would invade and disrupt their tissues. Yet they do not attempt to extirpate all microbes. Instead…

10.7554/eLife.46923.001 Marker-gene and metagenomic sequencing have profoundly
expanded our ability to measure biological communities. But the measurements they provide …

Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial pathogen that causes a range of clinical disease from
mild to moderate diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon. Typically, C. …

Human challenge trials (HCTs) have been proposed as a means to accelerate SARS-CoV-2
vaccine development. We identify and discuss 3 potential use cases of HCTs in the current …

Community‐wide high‐throughput sequencing has transformed the study of the vaginal
microbiome, and clinical applications are on the horizon. Here we outline the three main …

The first attempt by ordinary lay people-merchants, scriveners, craftsmen-to write their own
history, and its effect on the growth and development of London. The early fifteenth century …

Differential-abundance (DA) analyses enable microbiome researchers to assess how
microbial species vary in relative or absolute abundance with specific host or environmental …

This paper describes and analyses, through the use of case studies, two experiences of
transformative learning in an undergraduate arts education unit. Pre-service teachers designed …

What is the impact on student learning when Education is taught through the Arts in a
diploma level bridging course? This paper describes and analyses the experiences of 350 …

Microbial ecology has been transformed by the advent of high-throughput marker gene and
metagenomic sequencing methods. These tools provide expansive descriptions of microbial …