Humans are exposed to a variety of environmental mycobacteria (EM), and most children are
inoculated with live Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. In addition, most of the world's …

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized
by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) have TIR intracellular
domains that engage two main signaling pathways, via the TIR-containing adaptors MyD88 (which …

INTRODUCTION Interindividual clinical variability is vast in humans infected with severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ranging from silent infection to rapid …

INTRODUCTION Clinical outcomes of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection range from silent infection to lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (…

Some Toll and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide immunity to experimental infections in
animal models, but their contribution to host defense in natural ecosystems is unknown. We …

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD) is characterized by recurrent or persistent
infections of the skin, nails, and oral and genital mucosae caused by Candida albicans …

Background We aimed to evaluate the use of baricitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1–2 inhibitor,
for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods This randomised, …

Gemin3 is a DEAD-box RNA helicase that binds to the Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN)
protein and is a component of the SMN complex, which also comprises SMN, Gemin2, Gemin4, …

MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1
receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of …