Bacteriophages or phages are viruses that infect bacterial cells (for the scope of this review
we will also consider viruses that infect Archaea). Constant threat of phage infection is a …

Bacteriophages or phages are viruses that infect bacterial cells (for the scope of this review
we will also consider viruses that infect Archaea). The constant threat of phage infection is a …

The emergence and persistence of selfish genetic elements is an intrinsic feature of all living
systems. Cellular organisms have evolved a plethora of elaborate defense systems that …

We have studied the phosphorylation of protein synthesis elongation factor eEF‐2, the
effects of phosphorylation on its activity and dephosphorylation of phosphorylated eEF‐2 by …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas)
systems store the memory of past encounters with foreign DNA in unique …

The CRISPR-Cas systems of bacterial and archaeal adaptive immunity consist of direct
repeat arrays separated by unique spacers and multiple CRISPR-associated (cas) genes …

The sites in eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2 phosphorylated by the Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent
eEF-2 kinase in vitro have been identified. The kinase catalysed the rapid …

Microbiome spectra serve as critical clues to elucidate the evolutionary biology pathways,
potential pathologies, and even behavioral patterns of the host organisms. Furthermore, exotic …

CrAss-like phages are a recently described expansive group of viruses that includes the most
abundant virus in the human gut 1 , 2 – 3 . The genomes of all crAss-like phages encode a …

CRISPR arrays contain spacers, some of which are homologous to genome segments of
viruses and other parasitic genetic elements and are employed as portion of guide RNAs to …