Variation in individual condition is probably one of the most critical factors affecting the high
levels of diversity in animal fitness components, commonly observed in natural populations. …

The maintenance of males and outcrossing is widespread, despite considerable costs of
males. By enabling recombination between distinct genotypes, outcrossing may be …

Variation in individual condition is probably one of the most critical factors affecting the high
levels of diversity in animal fitness components, commonly observed in natural populations. …

… brightness at the ionospheric counterpart of the boundary (50 kR in the North, 15 kR in
the South) and at the general EDE region (40–100 kR in the North, 10–40 kR in the South). …

… mentioned we found brightness ranges of 32–115 kR and 60–320 kR, respectively. In the
previous work, … The authors found precipitation fluxes of ∼100 kR in the region of 10–25 R J . …

… The brightness derived in this paper considers a conversion factor of count per pixel per
second for 1 kiloRayleigh (kR) of H 2 emission plus Lyman-α different for each filter. In particular…

… A typical value for • is 19 (kR/DN) for 2x2 pixel averaging with an integration time of 1.2 s,
preamp gain of 50 V, and voltage of 807.5 V. The major requirement in order to properly …

… We also compute the electron energy flux and find that the energy flux is sufficient to
cause weak to medium strong (up to several tens of kR 557.7 nm emissions) aurora at Mars. …

substantial intrinsic martian magnetic field. Without the magnetic cavity of a magnetosphere
to shield the upper atmosphere from the solar wind, Mars is subject to cometlike atmosphere …

The resonant interaction between low frequency waves and magnetospheric plasma particles
is examined for the case where the field-aligned phase velocity is much less than the …