A diversity of plant-associated organisms secrete effectors—proteins and metabolites that
modulate plant physiology to favor host infection and colonization. However, effectors can also …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process during development and
oncogenesis by which epithelial cells acquire fibroblast-like properties and show reduced …

Plant–microbe interactions are great model systems to study co-evolutionary dynamics across
multiple timescales. However, mechanistic research on plant–microbe interactions has …

Sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes control the dynamic balance of the cellular levels of
important bioactive lipids, including the apoptotic compound ceramide and the proliferative …

Sphingosine kinase (SK) is an oncogenic sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme that catalyzes
the formation of the mitogenic second messenger sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) at the …

A critical step in the mechanism of action of inflammatory cytokines is the stimulation of
sphingolipid metabolism, including activation of sphingosine kinase (SK), which produces the …

In plants, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins can
form receptor networks to confer hypersensitive cell death and innate immunity. One class of …

It has been over forty years since Hofstede’s groundbreaking study on cultural values. Since
then, there have been drastic changes to the global landscape influenced by political, …

N-myristoyltransferases (NMT) add myristate to the NH 2 termini of certain proteins, thereby
regulating their localization and/or biological function. Using RNA interference, this study …

A foothold is a small position that a firm intentionally establishes within a market in which it
does not yet compete. We extend theory on competitive dynamics to examine relationships …