INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological
comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of …

In this systematic review, we aimed to collect together all previous twin and adoption studies
on childhood and adolescent obesity up to the age of 18 years. Using several sources, we …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Disc degeneration was commonly viewed over much of the last
century as a result of aging and “wear and tear” from mechanical insults and injuries. Thus, …

Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for …

Population isolates such as those in Finland benefit genetic research because deleterious
alleles are often concentrated on a small number of low-frequency variants (0.1% ≤ minor …

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic
traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for …

Tobacco and alcohol use are leading causes of mortality that influence risk for many complex
diseases and disorders 1 . They are heritable 2 , 3 and etiologically related 4 , 5 behaviors …

Objective Twin concordance data for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their own provide only
limited insight into the relative genetic and environmental contribution to the disease. We …

Background The contribution of hereditary factors to the causation of sporadic cancer is
unclear. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate the overall contribution of inherited genes …

Population isolates such as Finland provide benefits in genetic studies because the allelic
spectrum of damaging alleles in any gene is often concentrated on a small number of low-…