Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a lung disease of unknown cause characterized by noncaseating
granulomas; the heart and nervous system may also be involved. It is often misdiagnosed; …

Non-ribosomally synthesized peptides have compelling biological activities ranging from
antimicrobial to immunosuppressive and from cytostatic to antitumor. The broad spectrum of …

Activated pulmonary CD4 + T lymphocytes of the Th-1 type are essential for the inflammatory
process in sarcoidosis, and IFN-γ production is crucial for the characteristic granuloma …

Objective To investigate whether smoking and HLA–DR shared epitope (SE) genes may
interact in triggering immune reactions to citrulline‐modified proteins. Methods In a case–…

CRISPR-guided DNA cytosine and adenine base editors are widely used for many applications
1 , 2 , 3 – 4 but primarily create DNA base transitions (that is, pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine or …

… J Grunewald4, … Graphs (G, J, M) show results of quantitative analysis (percentage positive
cells) of BAL cell samples for PAD staining. Values represent the median and whiskers the …

CRISPR–Cas base-editor technology enables targeted nucleotide alterations, and is being
increasingly used for research and potential therapeutic applications 1 , 2 . The most widely …

Exosomes are 30–100 nm diameter vesicles formed by inward budding of endosomal
compartments and are produced by several cell types, including T‐cells, B‐cells and dendritic …

Existing adenine and cytosine base editors induce only a single type of modification,
limiting the range of DNA alterations that can be created. Here we describe a CRISPR–Cas9-based …

BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by increased airway narrowing in response to
nonspecific stimuli. The disorder is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. …