Many advances in the understanding of radiation damage to protein crystals, particularly at
cryogenic temperatures, have been made in recent years, but with this comes an expanding …

X-ray crystallography provides the vast majority of macromolecular structures, but the success
of the method relies on growing crystals of sufficient size. In conventional measurements, …

Deep-learning language models have shown promise in various biotechnological applications,
including protein design and engineering. Here we describe ProGen, a language model …

We describe two structures of the intact bacterial ribosome from Escherichia coli determined
to a resolution of 3.5 angstroms by x-ray crystallography. These structures provide a …

Modern protein crystal structures are based nearly exclusively on X-ray data collected at
cryogenic temperatures (generally 100 K). The cooling process is thought to introduce little bias …

X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is a new form of X-ray imaging that is being practiced at
several third-generation synchrotron-radiation X-ray facilities. Nine years have elapsed since …

Inspired by the period-four oscillation in flash-induced oxygen evolution of photosystem II
discovered by Joliot in 1969, Kok performed additional experiments and proposed a five-state …

Aminoglycosides are widely used antibiotics that cause messenger RNA decoding errors,
block mRNA and transfer RNA translocation, and inhibit ribosome recycling. Ribosome …

E1 enzymes initiate ubiquitin-like protein (ubl) transfer cascades by catalyzing adenylation
of the ubl's C terminus. An E1's selectivity for its cognate ubl is essential because the E1 …

We demonstrate the use of an X-ray free electron laser synchronized with an optical pump
laser to obtain X-ray diffraction snapshots from the photoactivated states of large membrane …