Emerging data indicate that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exerts a neuroprotective effect in
response to brain injury. Here we examined the mechanism of TNF in preventing neuronal …

Glutamatergic neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex originate from radial glia (RG)
progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ). During corticogenesis, neuroblasts migrate toward the …

… 5 into COKFu cells resulted in decreased expression of myc and p53 genes, and increased
expression of the K-ras-2 gene without significant change in transcription of the H-ras-1 gene…

… axon was also confirmed by staining with anti-neurofilament H antibody (data not shown). …
(a, b) Time-lapse images of the same dendritic segment taken before and after a 24-h interval. (…

… Cells were cultured inside a ring that was removed 48 h after viral infection. The number of
cells that crossed the border of the cloning ring during the next 24 h was counted. The mean …

Glial cells express a variety of neurotransmitter receptors. Notably, Bergmann glial cells in
the cerebellum have Ca 2+ -permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic …

… Kikkawa and H. Konishi) and anti-HA monoclonal antibody (12CA5); for da-MEK, anti-c-Myc
monoclonal … IgG(H) indicated by arrows inC and D shows the position of IgG heavy chain. …

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons in culture showed a developmental shift in synapse
distribution from dendritic shafts to spines. Using dual wavelength time-lapse fluorescence …

Sodium (Na) homeostasis is crucial for life, and Na levels in body fluids are constantly monitored
in the brain. The subfornical organ (SFO) is the center of the sensing responsible for the …

… To examine how glutamate influences tumor growth, we maintained glioblastoma cells in
the control medium for 12 h after plating and then cultured the cells in glutamate- and glutamine…