Epidemiology has improved our understanding and management of stone disease.
Epidemiologic studies, by quantifying patterns and burden of disease, have helped identify risk …

… Providers may be confused by too many options for kidney testing and be concerned that
a single cutoff value, such as the commonly cited 30 mg/g (30 μg/mg, 3.4 mg/mmol, or 3.4 g/mol…

Background— Limited data describe the cardiovascular benefit of HMG-CoA reductase
inhibitors (statins) in people with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this …

Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994.
Background A body of evidence establishes that the occurrence of kidney stone disease has …

Background— Rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular
disease. We compared the incidence rates of myocardial infarction and stroke in subjects …

Background A high dietary calcium intake is strongly suspected of increasing the risk of
kidney stones. However, a high intake of calcium can reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate, …

ContextLarger body size may result in increased urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and
uric acid, thereby increasing the risk for calcium-containing kidney stones. It is unclear if …

Background Various purine-rich foods and high protein intake have long been thought to be
risk factors for gout. Similarly, the possibility that the consumption of dairy products has a …

… no), alcohol intake (nondrinker, 0.1 to 4.9 g per day, 5.0 to 14.9 g per day, 15.0 to 29.9 g per
day, or at least 30.0 g per day), body-mass index (less than 20, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, …

Purpose : The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis,
prevention and follow-up of adult patients with kidney stones based on the best available …