The emergence of hematopoietic progenitors and their differentiation into various highly
specialized blood cell types constitute a finely tuned process. Unveiling the genetic cascades …

Myriapods (eg, centipedes and millipedes) display a simple homonomous body plan relative
to other arthropods. All members of the class are terrestrial, but they attained terrestriality …

… Expression of pitx2 and lefty was downregulated in the right coelom by SB431542 (F and I)
and was bilateral following treatment with Activin (G and J), while sox9 expression was made …

The interrelationships of the flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are poorly resolved
despite decades of morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies [1, 2]. The earliest-branching …

… When observed at 48 h (E, F), they show a typical elongated shape and are covered by a
thin and wrinkled ectoderm characteristic of the dorsal ectoderm. Starting at 72 h, however, …

Echinoderms, which are phylogenetically related to vertebrates and produce large numbers
of transparent embryos that can be experimentally manipulated, offer many advantages for …

… (E, F) Mesenchyme blastula. The arrows in panels E and F point respectively to the animal
pole region and to precursors of secondary mesenchyme cells. (G) Late mesenchyme blastula…

The emergence of asymmetry from an initially symmetrical state is a universal transition in
nature. Living organisms show asymmetries at the molecular, cellular, tissular, and organismal …

Nodal factors play fundamental roles in induction and patterning of the mesoderm and
endoderm in vertebrates, but whether this reflects an ancient role or one that evolved recently in …

The TGF-β family member Nodal is essential for specification of the dorsal-ventral axis of
the sea urchin embryo, but the molecular factors regulating its expression are not known. …