For more than two decades, HIV has infected millions of people worldwide each year through
mucosal transmission. Our knowledge of how HIV secures a foothold at both the molecular …

The vast majority of new HIV infections are acquired via the genital and rectal mucosa. Here,
we provide an overview of our current knowledge of how HIV establishes local infection, …

Exosomes have been proposed as vehicles for microRNA (miRNA) -based intercellular
communication and a source of miRNA biomarkers in bodily fluids. Although exosome …

… (F) Stereoscopic view of the basal side of an EDTA-separated sheet, exhibiting the same
pattern. (G and H) Toluidine blue-stained cross-section of epithelial sheets separated by …

Semen contains relatively ill-defined regulatory components that likely aid fertilization, but
which could also interfere with defense against infection. Each ejaculate contains trillions of …

To explore the mechanism by which herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 infection is related to HIV-1
acquisition, we conducted in situ analysis of the cellular infiltrate from sequential biopsies …

A combination of prevention and treatment modalities will be needed to successfully control
the global spread of HIV. Microbicides, drug products topically applied to mucosal surfaces …

Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells play a critical role in controlling herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection
and reactivation. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of CD8 + T …

… (B to F) Cells were cotransfected with HIV-1 pNL4-3 provirus DNA or control plasmid and the
… (F) IFN-β-induced ISRE promoter activity in HEK293 cells. hpt, hours posttransfection; pI:C, …

Background. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) has been linked to human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Methods. Vaginal microbiota of women using …