The advent of functional genomics has enabled the molecular biosciences to come a long
way towards characterizing the molecular constituents of life. Yet, the challenge for biology …

Cancer research has focused on the identification of molecular differences between cancerous
and healthy cells. The emerging picture is overwhelmingly complex. Molecules out of …

Emerging technologies have enabled the acquisition of large genomics and proteomics data
sets. However, current methodologies for analysis do not permit interpretation of the data in …

Systems biology is a vigorous and expanding discipline, in many ways a successor to
genomics and perhaps unprecedented in its combination of biology with a great many other …

Introduction Cells use multilayered regulatory systems to respond adequately to changing
environments or perturbations. Failure in regulation underlies cellular malfunctioning, loss of …

Maximization of growth rate is an important fitness strategy for bacteria. Bacteria can achieve
this by expressing proteins at optimal concentrations, such that resources are not wasted. …

A central focus in studies of microbial communities is the elucidation of the relationships
between genotype, phenotype, and dynamic community structure. Here, we present a new …

We will show that there is a strong form of emergence in cell biology. Beginning with CD
Broad’s classic discussion of emergence, we distinguish two conditions sufficient for emergence…

Oncogenesis results from changes in kinetics or in abundance of proteins in signal transduction
networks. Recently, it was shown that control of signalling cannot reside in a single gene …

General and simple principles are identified that govern signal transduction. The effects of
kinase and phosphatase inhibition on a MAP kinase pathway are first examined in silico. …