The starchy swollen roots of cassava provide an essential food source for nearly a billion
people, as well as possibilities for bioenergy, yet improvements to nutritional content and …

A pan-genome is the nonredundant collection of genes and/or DNA sequences in a species.
Numerous studies have shown that plant pan-genomes are typically much larger than the …

Theoretical studies using simplified models of proteins have shed light on the general
heteropolymeric aspects of the folding problem. Recent work has emphasized the statistical …

The number of sequenced plant genomes and associated genomic resources is growing
rapidly with the advent of both an increased focus on plant genomics from funding agencies, …

Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre
and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the ∼730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench …

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land
plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based …

Microbial communities are vital in the functioning of all ecosystems; however, most microorganisms
are uncultivated, and their roles in natural systems are unclear. Here, using random …

Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are
responsible for ∼20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million–base pair draft …

The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly
550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to …

Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and
freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary …