The authors present here mathematical models in which levels of subjective alertness and
cognitive throughput are predicted by three components that interact with one another in a …

The periodic light-dark cycle is the dominant environmental synchronizer used by humans
to entrain to the geophysical 24-h day. Entrainment is a fundamental property of circadian …

According to the two-process model of sleep regulation, the timing and structure of sleep
are determined by the interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process. The original …

Although it has been well documented that sleep is required for human performance and
alertness to recover from low levels after prolonged periods of wakefulness, it remains unclear …

Sleep loss leads to profound performance decrements. Yet many individuals believe they
adapt to chronic sleep loss or that recovery requires only a single extended sleep episode. To …

In organisms as diverse as single-celled algae and humans, light is the primary stimulus
mediating entrainment of the circadian biological clock. Reports that some totally blind …

… A recent confirmation of this notion was obtained by Kronauer and Boomsma (2007b), who
showed that the only known polygynous army ant has reverted to facultative multiple mating …

… Average daily phase shifts of 1 to 3 h were observed in 11 of 12 subjects receiving the
bright light, supporting predictions obtained using Kronauer’s phase-amplitude model of the …

Endogenous circadian clocks are robust regulators of physiology and behavior. Synchronization
or entrainment of biological clocks to environmental time is adaptive and important for …

In humans, modulation of circadian rhythms by light is thought to be mediated primarily by
melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, not rods or cones. Melanopsin cells are …