Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through transcriptional
regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current understanding …

Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained
by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." …

Through its action on macrophages, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin can
trigger responses that are protective or injurious to the host. This review examines the effects of …

Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, contribute
to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense. Emerging evidence …

Antisense transcription (transcription from the opposite strand to a protein-coding or sense
strand) has been ascribed roles in gene regulation involving degradation of the …

Enhancers control the correct temporal and cell-type-specific activation of gene expression
in multicellular eukaryotes. Knowing their properties, regulatory activity and targets is crucial …

Mammalian promoters can be separated into two classes, conserved TATA box–enriched
promoters, which initiate at a well-defined site, and more plastic, broad and evolvable CpG-…

Macrophages and microglia in the developing and adult mouse brain have been identified
by is consistent with the idea that dying neurons and axons provide a stimulus for …

The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic showed the speed with which a novel respiratory virus
can spread and the ability of a generally mild infection to induce severe morbidity and …

… (dA) or poly(dA):(dT). (C) Loss of mitochondrial function occurred as early as 3 hours after
transfection of poly(dA)… amounts of poly(dA):(dT), with 3 μg of DNase I–digested poly(dA):(dT) (“…