Here, we cover a wide range of methods currently in use and recommended in modern queen
rearing, selection, and breeding. The recommendations are meant to serve as standards …

… b Defined by the proportion of diploid males that sired at least one daughter (diploid or triploid)
in laboratory crosses. Where possible, we contrasted insemination success of diploid and …

Humans have domesticated hundreds of animal and plant species for thousands of years.
Artwork, archeological finds, recorded accounts, and other primary sources can provide …

… (B) For genes with signs of negative selection (γ < 0), Apis-restricted genes have the highest
levels … (B) Genes causally associated with worker division of labor have very high selection …

… Subscripts a, b, c and d indicate significant differences in population means. Dashed lines
indicate that populations were pooled prior to statistical analyses. Error bars indicate SE. …

… b RT-HDA was performed using synthetic target RNA (Supplementary Data 1, line 93) at 5 …
c Using the data from b, the initial rate of fluorescence increase within 1 h (60 min) was plotted…

… (B) Genes with significantly higher expression in the brains of workers (blue, n = 701), queens
(green, n = 389), and drones (red, n = 1,296). Worker-related genes have the highest GC …

While it is now appreciated that certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important
functions in cell biology, relatively few have been shown to regulate development in vivo, …

… (B) Contrasts used to evaluate three types of phenotypic plasticity in M. genalis, ranging
from least to most recent in origin (110–112). Lines indicate gene-expression contrasts that …

… , 2014; Shorter et al. 2012; Spotter et al. 2012; Chávez-Galarza et al. 2013; Pinto et al. 2014;
Wallberg et al. 2014) means that millions of honeybee SNPs are now available (Harpur et al…