Phytoplasma research begins to bloom ( 75 ). Indeed, this review shows that substantial
progress has been made with the identification of phytoplasma effectors that alter flower …

Plants and insects have been co-existing for more than 400 million years, leading to intimate
and complex relationships. Throughout their own evolutionary history, plants and insects …

Herbivorous insects represent the most species-rich lineages of metazoans. The high rate of
diversification in herbivorous insects is thought to result from their specialization to distinct …

Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted phytopathogenic bacteria that can alter plant morphology
and the longevity and reproduction rates and behavior of their insect vectors. There are …

Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted bacterial plant pathogens that cause considerable
damage to a diverse range of agricultural crops globally. Symptoms induced in infected plants …

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO99 A induces the expression of the host gene
Os8N3, which results in increased host susceptibility to bacterial blight of rice. Here, we show …

Many bacterial diseases of plants depend on the interaction of type III effector genes of the
pathogen and disease-susceptibility genes of the host. The host susceptibility genes are …

Certain obligate parasites induce complex and substantial phenotypic changes in their
hosts in ways that favor their transmission to other trophic levels. However, the mechanisms …

Phytoplasmas are insect‐transmitted bacterial phytopathogens that secrete virulence effectors
and induce changes in the architecture and defense response of their plant hosts. We …

In common with a range of environmental and biological stresses, heat shock results in the
accumulation of misfolded proteins and a collection of downstream consequences for cellular …