The existence of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes that differ in their cytokine secretion
patterns and effector functions provides a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of …

Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

Adjuvants enhance immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens by a variety of
mechanisms. In the past decade, many receptors and signaling pathways in the innate immune …

During development, the formation of mature neural circuits requires the selective elimination
of inappropriate synaptic connections. Here we show that C1q, the initiating protein in the …

Immunity against the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is highly dependent on
interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). We have previously shown that, in addition to T lymphocytes, …

The seven-transmembrane receptor CX 3 CR1 is a specific receptor for the novel CX 3 C
chemokine fractalkine (FKN)(neurotactin). In vitro data suggest that membrane anchoring of …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a master regulator of protein
synthesis that couples nutrient sensing to cell growth and cancer. However, the downstream …

Parasitic protozoa and helminths are a diverse group of organisms which together form a
major cause of infectious disease in humans and livestock. Studies in animal models have …

Differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into IFN-γ-producing T helper 1 (T H 1) cells is pivotal
for protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens. T-bet, a recently discovered …

To achieve its precise neural connectivity, the developing mammalian nervous system
undergoes extensive activity-dependent synapse remodelling. Recently, microglial cells have …