Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now a mainstay of cancer treatment.
Although rare, fulminant and fatal toxic effects may complicate these otherwise transformative …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting the programmed cell death 1/programmed
cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 pathways, are …

Advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma have improved responses and survival.
However, many patients continue to experience resistance or toxicity to treatment, …

Cancers arise owing to the accumulation of mutations in critical genes that alter normal
programmes of cell proliferation, differentiation and death. As the first stage of a systematic …

Cancers arise owing to mutations in a subset of genes that confer growth advantage. The
availability of the human genome sequence led us to propose that systematic resequencing of …

All cancers carry somatic mutations. The patterns of mutation in cancer genomes reflect the
DNA damage and repair processes to which cancer cells and their precursors have been …

We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of
the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating …

COSMIC ( http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic ) curates comprehensive information on somatic
mutations in human cancer. Release v48 (July 2010) describes over 136 000 coding …

All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations,
confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis …

Cancer evolves dynamically as clonal expansions supersede one another driven by shifting
selective pressures, mutational processes, and disrupted cancer genes. These processes …