Although dramatic amphibian population declines have been reported worldwide, our
understanding of the extent of the declines in Latin America, where amphibian diversity is high, is …

Cytokines are involved in intestinal homeostasis and pathological processes associated
with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The biological effects of cytokines, including several …

Sphingolipids have emerged as bioeffector molecules, controlling various aspects of cell
growth and proliferation in cancer, which is becoming the deadliest disease in the world. These …

We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old
hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other …

There is currently no calibration available for the whole human mtDNA genome, incorporating
both coding and control regions. Furthermore, as several authors have pointed out recently…

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and
linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . One …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles can be classified into phylogenetic clusters (haplogroups),
which is of great relevance for evolutionary, forensic and medical genetics. With the …

Africa presents the most complex genetic picture of any continent, with a time depth for
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages >100,000 years. The most recent widespread demographic …

Background It is widely accepted that the ancestors of Native Americans arrived in the New
World via Beringia approximately 10 to 30 thousand years ago (kya). However, the arrival …

Background Latin America, China and India are experiencing unprecedentedly rapid
demographic ageing with an increasing number of people with dementia. The 10/66 Dementia …