We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old
hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other …

High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number 1
of geographically restricted populations 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , or been targeted at specific diseases, …

R1a-M420 is one of the most widely spread Y-chromosome haplogroups; however, its
substructure within Europe and Asia has remained poorly characterized. Using a panel of 16 244 …

It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped
primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a …

Haplogroup G, together with J2 clades, has been associated with the spread of agriculture,
especially in the European context. However, interpretations based on simple haplogroup …

Background The genetic origins of Uralic speakers from across a vast territory in the temperate
zone of North Eurasia have remained elusive. Previous studies have shown contrasting …

In this study, we compare the genetic ancestry of individuals from two as yet genetically
unstudied cultural traditions in Estonia in the context of available modern and ancient datasets: …

The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of tribes of
different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1–3]. It is still unclear how much of the …

The paternal haplogroup (hg) N is distributed from southeast Asia to eastern Europe. The
demographic processes that have shaped the vast extent of this major Y chromosome lineage …

The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent
rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, …