The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an enveloped virus, and its envelope
protein complex controls the key process of viral entry. This envelope protein determines viral …

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, particularly those preventing viral spike receptor binding
domain (RBD) interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, can …

PROTEIN secondary structures have been viewed as fundamental building blocks for protein
folding, structure and design. Pre-vious studies indicate that the propensities of individual …

The basic mechanisms of infonnation transfer from DNA to RNA (transcrip tion) and from
RNA to proteins (translation) are understood at least in outline. In contrast, understanding the …

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) consists of a
complex of gp120 and gp41. gp120 determines viral tropism by binding to target-cell receptors, …

▪ Abstract Viral envelope glycoproteins promote viral infection by mediating the fusion of the
viral membrane with the host-cell membrane. Structural and biochemical studies of two viral …

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is responsible for the uptake of cholesterol-containing
lipoprotein particles into cells 1 , 2 . The amino-terminal region of LDLR, which …

Coiled-coil sequences in proteins consist of heptad repeats containing two characteristic
hydrophobic positions. The role of these buried hydrophobic residues in determining the …

The x-ray crystal structure of a peptide corresponding to the leucine zipper of the yeast
transcriptional activator GCN4 has been determined at 1.8 angstrom resolution. The peptide …

Small, monomeric proteins fold to thermodynamically stable structures, as judged by
reversibility offolding. Nevertheless, folding is very rapid in most cases (seconds or less). The …