In all living systems, the genome is replicated by proteins that are encoded within the genome
itself. This universal reaction is essential to allow the system to evolve. Here, we have …

The ability to evolve is a key characteristic that distinguishes living things from non-living
chemical compounds. The construction of an evolvable cell-like system entirely from non-living …

In prebiotic evolution, self-replicating molecules are believed to have evolved into complex
living systems by expanding their information and functions open-endedly. Theoretically, …

A major challenge in constructing artificial cells is the establishment of a recursive genome
replication system coupled with gene expression from the genome itself. One of the simplest …

Lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG) is a basic phospholipid in which l-lysine from lysyl-tRNA is
transferred to phosphatidylglycerol (PG). This study examined whether the Staphylococcus …

To date, various cellular functions have been reconstituted in vitro such as self-replication
systems using DNA, RNA, and proteins. The next important challenges include the …

Cooperation among independently replicating molecules is a key phenomenon that allowed
the development of complexity during the early evolution of life. Generally, this process is …

In all living organisms, genomic DNA continuously replicates by the proteins encoded in
itself and undergoes evolution through many generations of replication. This continuous …

In this study, the amount of protein synthesized using an in vitro protein synthesis system
composed of only highly purified components (the PURE system) was optimized. By varying the …

In prebiotic evolution, molecular self-replicators are considered to develop into diverse,
complex living organisms. The appearance of parasitic replicators is believed inevitable in this …