Background Several Trypanosoma species transmitted by leeches infect marine and freshwater
fish worldwide. To date, all South American fish trypanosome species identified have …

The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century
and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here, …

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the
COVID-19 outbreak, posed a primary concern of public health worldwide. The most common …

Background Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. In
hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cytokine levels may influence the outcome of acute HCV …

Pristine forest ecosystems provide a unique perspective for the study of plant-associated
microbiota since they host a great microbial diversity. Although the Amazon forest is one of the …

Global challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the need for visionary innovations
in chemical education. We recently deigned a new learning environment called “ZuKon …

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease that
selectively affects the motor neurons. The details of the mechanisms of selective motor-…

Purpose Calcitriol, or 1,25-hydroxycholecalciferol, is the active form of vitamin D. It binds
and activates vitamin D receptor (VDR). Infertility and defective folliculogenesis have been …

About sixty thousand new cases of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are recorded in Brazil
each year. These cases are currently treated with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin …

The use of penetration enhancers (chemical or physical) has been proven to dramatically
improve the penetration of therapeutics. Nevertheless, their use poses great risks, as they can …