Upon fragmentation of a leg imaginal disc, cells near parts of the wounded surface are reprogrammed and form a blastema. This occurs without a change in fate and without the direct contact of the two wounded surfaces (G. H. Karpen and G. Schubiger, Nature (London) 294, 744-747, 1981). Two phases of the cell cycle have now been analyzed for several areas of disc fragments prior to and during wound healing. A mitotic index was used to compare the location of cell division, and autoradiography was used to reveal patterns of DNA synthesis. In contrast to the uniform division pattern in noncultured fragments, more dividing cells were observed near the two wound surfaces after 1 day of in vivo culture. During the second day, wound healing began and mitotic activity increased dramatically near both wound areas, and decreased in distant areas. Three and a half days of culture led to more complete wound closure and only cells on one site continued to show the highest frequency of labeled cells. It is concluded that changes in patterns of DNA synthesis and an increase in cell division begin prior to wound closure. This proliferation is consistent with the morphological changes and regulative behavior observed. In addition, the role of compartmental identity during regulation was tested. After wound closure began an increase in mitotic activity near wounds in the anterior compartment was observed whereas such an increase in division level was not seen in posterior cells near a wound.