Abstract
Recognizing the presence of invading pathogens is key to mounting an effective innate immune response. Mammalian cells express different classes of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that monitor the extracellular and intracellular compartments of host cells for signs of infection and that activate several conserved signalling pathways. An efficient immune response often requires the sequential detection of a pathogen by different receptors in different subcellular compartments, which results in a complex interplay of downstream signalling pathways. In this Review, we discuss the recent identification of previously unknown pattern recognition receptors and how they complement the repertoire of established receptors.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bacteria / immunology*
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Bacteria / pathogenicity
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Bacterial Infections / immunology*
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Bacterial Infections / pathology
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DEAD-box RNA Helicases / metabolism
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Inflammasomes / immunology
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism
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Mice
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Nuclear Proteins / immunology
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Phosphoproteins / immunology
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RNA-Binding Proteins / immunology
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Receptors, Pattern Recognition / immunology*
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Signal Transduction
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Toll-Like Receptors / immunology
Substances
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Inflammasomes
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LRRFIP1 protein, human
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Membrane Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Phosphoproteins
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Receptors, Pattern Recognition
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STING1 protein, human
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Toll-Like Receptors
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IFI16 protein, human
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DDX41 protein, human
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DEAD-box RNA Helicases