A task-difficulty artifact in subliminal priming

Atten Percept Psychophys. 2009 Aug;71(6):1276-83. doi: 10.3758/APP.71.6.1276.

Abstract

Subliminal priming is said to occur when a subliminal prime influences the classification of a subsequent target. Most subliminal-priming claims are based on separate target- and prime-classification tasks. Because primes are intended to be subliminal, the prime-classification task is difficult, and the target-classification task is easy. To assess whether this task-difficulty difference accounts for previous claims of subliminal priming, we manipulated the ease of the prime-classification task by intermixing long-duration (visible) primes with short-duration (near liminal) ones. In Experiment 1, this strategy of intermixing long-duration primes raised classification of the short-duration ones. In Experiments 2 and 3, prime duration was lowered in such a way that prime classification was at chance in intermixed presentations. Under these conditions, we failed to observe any priming effects; hence, previous demonstrations of subliminal priming may simply have reflected a task-difficulty artifact.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Association Learning*
  • Attention*
  • Cues*
  • Discrimination, Psychological
  • Humans
  • Pattern Recognition, Visual*
  • Problem Solving
  • Psychomotor Performance
  • Psychophysics
  • Reaction Time
  • Subliminal Stimulation*