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After-effects of consecutive sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in a rat model of chronic inflammation

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Abstract

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces cortical excitability changes in animals and humans that can last beyond the duration of stimulation. Preliminary evidence suggests that tDCS may have an analgesic effect; however, the timing of these effects, especially when associated with consecutive sessions of stimulation in a controlled animal experiment setting, has yet to be fully explored. To evaluate the effects of tDCS in inflammatory chronic pain origin immediately and 24 h after the last treatment session, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected (100 μl) in the right footpad to induce inflammation. On the 15th day after CFA injection, rats were divided into two groups: tDCS (n = 9) and sham (n = 9). The tDCS was applied for 8 days. The hot plate and Von Frey tests were applied immediately and 24 h after the last tDCS session. Eight 20-min sessions of 500 μA anodal tDCS resulted in antinociceptive effects as assessed by the hot plate test immediately (P = 0.04) and 24 h after the last tDCS session (P = 0.006), for the active tDCS group only. There was increased withdrawal latency in the Von Frey test at 24 h after the last session (P = 0.01). Our findings confirm the hypothesis that tDCS induces significant, long-lasting, neuroplastic effects and expands these findings to a chronic pain model of peripheral inflammation, thus supporting the exploration of this technique in conditions associated with chronic pain and peripheral inflammation, such as osteoarthritis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the following Brazilian funding agencies: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (Dr. I.L.S. Torres, Grant no. 307772/2008-0/2008, Dr. W. Caumo); PROPESQ/UFRGS/PIBIC/CNPq : Committee for the Development of Higher Education Personnel—CAPES (J.R. Rozisky, G. Laste, L.S.N. Adachi); and Graduate Research Group (GPPG) of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre—HCPA (Dr I.L.S. Torres—Grant 100013). We would like to thank the engineering staff of HCPA for developing the tDCS stimulator.

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The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the contents and writing of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Gabriela Laste, Wolnei Caumo, Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi, Joanna Ripoll Rozisky, Isabel Cristina de Macedo, Paulo Ricardo Marques Filho & Iraci L. S. Torres

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 202, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil

    Gabriela Laste, Wolnei Caumo, Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi, Joanna Ripoll Rozisky, Isabel Cristina de Macedo, Paulo Ricardo Marques Filho & Iraci L. S. Torres

  3. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Gabriela Laste, Wolnei Caumo, Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi, Joanna Ripoll Rozisky & Iraci L. S. Torres

  4. Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Gabriela Laste, Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi, Joanna Ripoll Rozisky, Isabel Cristina de Macedo & Iraci L. S. Torres

  5. Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Wania Aparecida Partata

  6. Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Felipe Fregni

  7. Harvard Medical School and Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Felipe Fregni

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  1. Gabriela Laste
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  2. Wolnei Caumo
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Laste, G., Caumo, W., Adachi, L.N.S. et al. After-effects of consecutive sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in a rat model of chronic inflammation. Exp Brain Res 221, 75–83 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3149-x

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