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Alterations of the visual pathways in congenital blindness

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Abstract

We used whole brain MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to study the anatomical organization of the visual system in congenitally blind (CB) adults. Eleven CB without a history of visual perception were compared with 21 age- and sex-matched normal-sighted controls (NS). CB showed significant atrophy of the geniculo-striate system, encompassing the optic nerves, the optic chiasm, the optic radiations and the primary visual cortex (BA17). The volume decrease in BA17 reached 25% in both hemispheres. The pulvinar and its projections to the associative visual areas were also dramatically altered, BA18/19 and the middle temporal cortex (MT) showing volume reductions of up to 20%. Additional significant white matter alterations were observed in the inferior longitudinal tract and in the posterior part of the corpus callosum, which links the visual areas of both hemispheres. Our data indicate that the afferent projections to the visual cortex in CB are largely atrophied. Despite the massive volume reductions in the occipital lobes, there is compelling evidence from the literature (reviewed in Noppeney 2007; Ptito and Kupers 2005) that blind subjects activate their visual cortex when performing tasks that involve somatosensory or auditory inputs, suggesting a reorganization of the neural pathways that transmit sensory information to the visual cortex.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by grants from the Harland Sanders Foundation (MP) and the Lundbeck Foundation (RK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chaire de recherche Harland Sanders en sciences de la vision, Ecole d’optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada

    Maurice Ptito

  2. Radiology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France

    Fabien C. G. Schneider

  3. Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Department 340, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark

    Maurice Ptito & Olaf B. Paulson

  4. Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Olaf B. Paulson

  5. PET Unit & Department of Surgical Pathophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Ron Kupers

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  1. Maurice Ptito
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  2. Fabien C. G. Schneider
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  3. Olaf B. Paulson
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  4. Ron Kupers
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Correspondence to Maurice Ptito.

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Ptito, M., Schneider, F.C.G., Paulson, O.B. et al. Alterations of the visual pathways in congenital blindness. Exp Brain Res 187, 41–49 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1273-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1273-4

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