RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 001552 DO 10.1101/001552 A1 Iosif Lazaridis A1 Nick Patterson A1 Alissa Mittnik A1 Gabriel Renaud A1 Swapan Mallick A1 Karola Kirsanow A1 Peter H. Sudmant A1 Joshua G. Schraiber A1 Sergi Castellano A1 Mark Lipson A1 Bonnie Berger A1 Christos Economou A1 Ruth Bollongino A1 Qiaomei Fu A1 Kirsten I. Bos A1 Susanne Nordenfelt A1 Heng Li A1 Cesare de Filippo A1 Kay Prüfer A1 Susanna Sawyer A1 Cosimo Posth A1 Wolfgang Haak A1 Fredrik Hallgren A1 Elin Fornander A1 Nadin Rohland A1 Dominique Delsate A1 Michael Francken A1 Jean-Michel Guinet A1 Joachim Wahl A1 George Ayodo A1 Hamza A. Babiker A1 Graciela Bailliet A1 Elena Balanovska A1 Oleg Balanovsky A1 Ramiro Barrantes A1 Gabriel Bedoya A1 Haim Ben-Ami A1 Judit Bene A1 Fouad Berrada A1 Claudio M. Bravi A1 Francesca Brisighelli A1 George Busby A1 Francesco Cali A1 Mikhail Churnosov A1 David E. C. Cole A1 Daniel Corach A1 Larissa Damba A1 George van Driem A1 Stanislav Dryomov A1 Jean-Michel Dugoujon A1 Sardana A. Fedorova A1 Irene Gallego Romero A1 Marina Gubina A1 Michael Hammer A1 Brenna Henn A1 Tor Hervig A1 Ugur Hodoglugil A1 Aashish R. Jha A1 Sena Karachanak-Yankova A1 Rita Khusainova A1 Elza Khusnutdinova A1 Rick Kittles A1 Toomas Kivisild A1 William Klitz A1 Vaidutis Kučinskas A1 Alena Kushniarevich A1 Leila Laredj A1 Sergey Litvinov A1 Theologos Loukidis A1 Robert W. Mahley A1 Béla Melegh A1 Ene Metspalu A1 Julio Molina A1 Joanna Mountain A1 Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi A1 Desislava Nesheva A1 Thomas Nyambo A1 Ludmila Osipova A1 Jüri Parik A1 Fedor Platonov A1 Olga Posukh A1 Valentino Romano A1 Francisco Rothhammer A1 Igor Rudan A1 Ruslan Ruizbakiev A1 Hovhannes Sahakyan A1 Antti Sajantila A1 Antonio Salas A1 Elena B. Starikovskaya A1 Ayele Tarekegn A1 Draga Toncheva A1 Shahlo Turdikulova A1 Ingrida Uktveryte A1 Olga Utevska A1 René Vasquez A1 Mercedes Villena A1 Mikhail Voevoda A1 Cheryl Winkler A1 Levon Yepiskoposyan A1 Pierre Zalloua A1 Tatijana Zemunik A1 Alan Cooper A1 Cristian Capelli A1 Mark G. Thomas A1 Andres Ruiz-Linares A1 Sarah A. Tishkoff A1 Lalji Singh A1 Kumarasamy Thangaraj A1 Richard Villems A1 David Comas A1 Rem Sukernik A1 Mait Metspalu A1 Matthias Meyer A1 Evan E. Eichler A1 Joachim Burger A1 Montgomery Slatkin A1 Svante Pääbo A1 Janet Kelso A1 David Reich A1 Johannes Krause YR 2014 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/04/02/001552.1.abstract AB We sequenced genomes from a ∼7,000 year old early farmer from Stuttgart in Germany, an ∼8,000 year old hunter-gatherer from Luxembourg, and seven ∼8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from southern Sweden. We analyzed these data together with other ancient genomes and 2,345 contemporary humans to show that the great majority of present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), who were most closely related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians and contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships and show that EEF had ∼44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian” lineage that split prior to the diversification of all other non-African lineages.