TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of methods correcting for cell type heterogeneity in DNA methylation studies JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/032185 SP - 032185 AU - Kevin McGregor AU - Sasha Bernatsky AU - Ines Colmegna AU - Marie Hudson AU - Tomi Pastinen AU - Aurélie Labbe AU - Celia Greenwood Y1 - 2015/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/11/25/032185.abstract N2 - Background Many different methods exist to adjust for variability in cell-type mixture proportions when analysing DNA methylation studies. Here we present the result of an extensive simulation study, built on cell-separated DNA methylation profiles from Illumina Infinium 450K methylation data, to compare the performance of 8 methods including the most commonly-used approaches.Results We designed a rich multi-layered simulation containing a set of probes with true associations with either binary or continuous phenotypes, confounding by cell type, variability in means and standard deviations for population parameters, additional variability at the level of an individual cell-type-specific sample, and variability in the mixture proportions across samples. Performance varied quite substantially across methods and simulations. In particular, the false discovery rates (FDR) were sometimes unrealistically high, indicating limited ability to discriminate the true signals from those appearing significant through confounding. Methods that filtered probes had consequently poor power. QQ-plots of p-values across all tested probes showed that adjustments did not always improve the distribution. The same methods were used to examine associations between smoking and methylation data from a case-control study of colorectal cancer.Conclusions We recommend surrogate variable analysis for cell-type mixture adjustment since performance was stable under all our simulated scenarios. ER -