PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Abhinav Singh AU - Adrien Peyrache AU - Mark D. Humphries TI - Signatures of optimal inference during learning in rat prefrontal cortex AID - 10.1101/027102 DP - 2015 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 027102 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/09/21/027102.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/09/21/027102.full AB - Cortical population activity may represent sampling from an internal model. Using data from rats learning rules on a maze task, we show that sampling rates of population activity patterns in prefrontal cortex converge between waking and sleep over learning. Sample rate changes were greatest for activity patterns predictive of correct choice and expressed at the choice point. Our results suggest inference-by-sampling is a general computational principle for cortex.