TY - JOUR T1 - A Chronological Atlas of Natural Selection in the Human Genome during the Past Half-million Years JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/018929 SP - 018929 AU - Hang Zhou AU - Sile Hu AU - Rostislav Matveev AU - Qianhui Yu AU - Jing Li AU - Philipp Khaitovich AU - Li Jin AU - Michael Lachmann AU - Mark Stoneking AU - Qiaomei Fu AU - Kun Tang Y1 - 2015/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/05/26/018929.abstract N2 - The spatiotemporal distribution of recent human adaptation is a long standing question. We developed a new coalescent-based method that collectively assigned human genome regions to modes of neutrality or to positive, negative, or balancing selection. Most importantly, the selection times were estimated for all positive selection signals, which ranged over the last half million years, penetrating the emergence of anatomically modern human (AMH). These selection time estimates were further supported by analyses of the genome sequences from three ancient AMHs and the Neanderthals. A series of brain function-related genes were found to carry signals of ancient selective sweeps, which may have defined the evolution of cognitive abilities either before Neanderthal divergence or during the emergence of AMH. Particularly, signals of brain evolution in AMH are strongly related to Alzheimer’s disease pathways. In conclusion, this study reports a chronological atlas of natural selection in Human. ER -