TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic epidemiology of the current wave of artemisinin resistant malaria JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/019737 SP - 019737 AU - Roberto Amato AU - Olivo Miotto AU - Charles Woodrow AU - Jacob Almagro-Garcia AU - Ipsita Sinha AU - Susana Campino AU - Daniel Mead AU - Eleanor Drury AU - Mihir Kekre AU - Mandy Sanders AU - Alfred Amambua-Ngwa AU - Chanaki Amaratunga AU - Lucas Amenga-Etego AU - Tim J C Anderson AU - Voahangy Andrianaranjaka AU - Tobias Apinjoh AU - Elizabeth Ashley AU - Sarah Auburn AU - Gordon A Awandare AU - Vito Baraka AU - Alyssa Barry AU - Maciej F Boni AU - Steffen Borrmann AU - Teun Bousema AU - Oralee Branch AU - Peter C Bull AU - Kesinee Chotivanich AU - David J Conway AU - Alister Craig AU - Nicholas P Day AU - Abdoulaye Djimdé AU - Christiane Dolecek AU - Arjen M Dondorp AU - Chris Drakeley AU - Patrick Duffy AU - Diego F Echeverri-Garcia AU - Thomas G Egwang AU - Rick M Fairhurst AU - Abul Faiz, Md. AU - Caterina I Fanello AU - Tran Tinh Hien AU - Abraham Hodgson AU - Mallika Imwong AU - Deus Ishengoma AU - Pharath Lim AU - Chanthap Lon AU - Jutta Marfurt AU - Kevin Marsh AU - Mayfong Mayxay AU - Victor Mobegi AU - Olugbenga Mokuolu AU - Jacqui Montgomery AU - Ivo Mueller AU - Myat Phone Kyaw AU - Paul N Newton AU - Francois Nosten AU - Rintis Noviyanti AU - Alexis Nzila AU - Harold Ocholla AU - Abraham Oduro AU - Marie Onyamboko AU - Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo AU - Aung Pyae Phyo AU - Christopher V Plowe AU - Ric N Price AU - Sasithon Pukrittayakamee AU - Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia AU - Pascal Ringwald AU - Lastenia Ruiz AU - David Saunders AU - Alex Shayo AU - Peter Siba AU - Shannon Takala-Harrison AU - Thuy-Nhien Nguyen Thanh AU - Vandana Thathy AU - Federica Verra AU - Nicholas J White AU - Ye Htut AU - Victoria J Cornelius AU - Rachel Giacomantonio AU - Dawn Muddyman AU - Christa Henrichs AU - Cinzia Malangone AU - Dushyanth Jyothi AU - Richard D Pearson AU - Julian C Rayner AU - Gilean McVean AU - Kirk Rockett AU - Alistair Miles AU - Paul Vauterin AU - Ben Jeffery AU - Magnus Manske AU - Jim Stalker AU - Bronwyn MacInnis AU - Dominic P Kwiatkowski AU - MalariaGEN Plasmodium falciparum Community Project Y1 - 2015/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/05/24/019737.abstract N2 - Artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum is advancing across Southeast Asia in a soft selective sweep involving at least 20 independent kelch13 mutations. In a large global survey, we find that kelch13 mutations which cause resistance in Southeast Asia are present at low frequency in Africa. We show that African kelch13 mutations have originated locally, and that kelch13 shows a normal variation pattern relative to other genes in Africa, whereas in Southeast Asia there is a great excess of non-synonymous mutations, many of which cause radical amino-acid changes. Thus, kelch13 is not currently undergoing strong selection in Africa, despite a deep reservoir of standing variation that could potentially allow resistance to emerge rapidly. The practical implications are that public health surveillance for artemisinin resistance should not rely on kelch13 data alone, and interventions to prevent resistance must account for local evolutionary conditions, shown by genomic epidemiology to differ greatly between geographical regions. ER -