RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Worldwide population structure, long term demography, and local adaptation of Helicobacter pylori JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 019430 DO 10.1101/019430 A1 Valeria Montano A1 Xavier Didelot A1 Matthieu Foll A1 Bodo Linz A1 Richard Reinhardt A1 Sebastian Suerbaum A1 Yoshan Moodley A1 Jeffrey D. Jensen YR 2015 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/05/18/019430.abstract AB Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen associated with serious gastric diseases. Owing to its medical importance and close relationship with its human host, understanding genomic patterns of global and local adaptation in H. pylori may be of particular significance for both clinical and evolutionary studies. Here we present the first such whole-genome analysis of 60 globally distributed strains, from which we inferred worldwide population structure and demographic history and shed light on interesting global and local events of positive selection, with particular emphasis on the evolution of San-associated lineages. Our results indicate a more ancient origin for the association of humans and H. pylori than previously thought. We identify several important perspectives for future clinical research on candidate selected regions that include both previously characterized genes (e.g. transcription elongation factor NusA and tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Inducing Protein TipĪ±) and hitherto unknown functional genes.