RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Dynamic interactions between top-down expectations and conscious awareness JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 151019 DO 10.1101/151019 A1 Erik L. Meijs A1 Heleen A. Slagter A1 Floris P. de Lange A1 Simon van Gaal YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/16/151019.abstract AB It is well known that top-down expectations affect perceptual processes. Yet, remarkably little is known about the relationship between expectations and conscious awareness We address three crucial questions that are outstanding: 1) How do predictions affect the likelihood of conscious stimulus perception?; 2) Does the brain register violations of predictions nonconsciously?; and 3) Do predictions need to be conscious to influence perceptual decisions? We performed three experiments in which we manipulated stimulus predictability within the attentional blink paradigm, while combining visual psychophysics with electrophysiological recordings. We found that valid stimulus expectations increase the likelihood of conscious access of stimuli. Furthermore, our findings suggest a clear dissociation in the interaction between expectations and consciousness: conscious awareness seems crucial for the implementation of top-down predictions, but not for the bottom-up generation of stimulus-evoked prediction errors. These results constrain and update influential theories about the role of consciousness in the predictive brain.