RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 135962
DO 10.1101/135962
A1 Iñigo Olalde
A1 Selina Brace
A1 Morten E. Allentoft
A1 Ian Armit
A1 Kristian Kristiansen
A1 Nadin Rohland
A1 Swapan Mallick
A1 Thomas Booth
A1 Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
A1 Alissa Mittnik
A1 Eveline Altena
A1 Mark Lipson
A1 Iosif Lazaridis
A1 Nick Patterson
A1 Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
A1 Yoan Diekmann
A1 Zuzana Faltyskova
A1 Daniel Fernandes
A1 Matthew Ferry
A1 Eadaoin Harney
A1 Peter de Knijff
A1 Megan Michel
A1 Jonas Oppenheimer
A1 Kristin Stewardson
A1 Alistair Barclay
A1 Kurt W. Alt
A1 Azucena Avilés Fernández
A1 Eszter Bánffy
A1 Maria Bernabò-Brea
A1 David Billoin
A1 Concepción Blasco
A1 Clive Bonsall
A1 Laura Bonsall
A1 Tim Allen
A1 Lindsey Büster
A1 Sophie Carver
A1 Laura Castells Navarro
A1 Oliver Edward Craig
A1 Gordon T. Cook
A1 Barry Cunliffe
A1 Anthony Denaire
A1 Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy
A1 Natasha Dodwell
A1 Michal Ernée
A1 Christopher Evans
A1 Milan Kuchařík
A1 Joan Francès Farré
A1 Harry Fokkens
A1 Chris Fowler
A1 Michiel Gazenbeek
A1 Rafael Garrido Pena
A1 María Haber-Uriarte
A1 Elżbieta Haduch
A1 Gill Hey
A1 Nick Jowett
A1 Timothy Knowles
A1 Ken Massy
A1 Saskia Pfrengle
A1 Philippe Lefranc
A1 Olivier Lemercier
A1 Arnaud Lefebvre
A1 Joaquín Lomba Maurandi
A1 Tona Majó
A1 Jacqueline I. McKinley
A1 Kathleen McSweeney
A1 Mende Balázs Gusztáv
A1 Alessandra Modi
A1 Gabriella Kulcsár
A1 Viktória Kiss
A1 András Czene
A1 Róbert Patay
A1 Anna Endrődi
A1 Kitti Köhler
A1 Tamás Hajdu
A1 João Luís Cardoso
A1 Corina Liesau
A1 Michael Parker Pearson
A1 Piotr Włodarczak
A1 T. Douglas Price
A1 Pilar Prieto
A1 Pierre-Jérôme Rey
A1 Patricia Ríos
A1 Roberto Risch
A1 Manuel A. Rojo Guerra
A1 Aurore Schmitt
A1 Joël Serralongue
A1 Ana Maria Silva
A1 Václav Smrčka
A1 Luc Vergnaud
A1 João Zilhão
A1 David Caramelli
A1 Thomas Higham
A1 Volker Heyd
A1 Alison Sheridan
A1 Karl-Göran Sjögren
A1 Mark G. Thomas
A1 Philipp W. Stockhammer
A1 Ron Pinhasi
A1 Johannes Krause
A1 Wolfgang Haak
A1 Ian Barnes
A1 Carles Lalueza-Fox
A1 David Reich
YR 2017
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/05/09/135962.abstract
AB Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200–1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900–1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were genetically similar to contemporary populations in continental Europe and in particular to Neolithic Iberians, suggesting that a portion of the farmer ancestry in Britain came from the Mediterranean rather than the Danubian route of farming expansion. Beginning with the Beaker period, and continuing through the Bronze Age, all British individuals harboured high proportions of Steppe ancestry and were genetically closely related to Beaker-associated individuals from the Lower Rhine area. We use these observations to show that the spread of the Beaker Complex to Britain was mediated by migration from the continent that replaced >90% of Britain’s Neolithic gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the process that brought Steppe ancestry into central and northern Europe 400 years earlier.