RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Three-dimensional Two-Photon Optogenetics and Imaging of Neural Circuits in vivo JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 132506 DO 10.1101/132506 A1 Weijian Yang A1 Luis Carrillo-Reid A1 Yuki Bando A1 Darcy S. Peterka A1 Rafael Yuste YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/04/30/132506.abstract AB We demonstrate a holographic system for simultaneous three-dimensional (3D) two-photon stimulation and imaging of neural activity in the mouse neocortex in vivo with cellular resolution. Dual two-photon excitation paths are implemented with independent 3D targeting for calcium imaging and precision optogenetics. We validate the usefulness of the microscope by photoactivating local pools of interneurons in awake mice visual cortex in 3D, which suppress the nearby pyramidal neurons’ response to visual stimuli.