PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - S. M. Aarde
AU  - P.K. Huang
AU  - M. A. Taffe
TI  - High ambient temperature facilitates the acquisition of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) self-administration
AID  - 10.1101/123828
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 123828
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/04/04/123828.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/04/04/123828.full
AB  - Rationale MDMA alters body temperature in rats with a direction that depends on the ambient temperature (TA). The thermoregulatory effects of MDMA and TA may affect intravenous selfadministration (IVSA) of MDMA but limited prior reports conflict.Objective To determine how body temperature responses to MDMA under high and low TA affect IVSA.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to IVSA MDMA (1.0 mg/kg/infusion; 2-hr sessions; FR5 schedule of reinforcement) under TA 20°C or 30°C. Radiotelemetry transmitters recorded body temperature and activity during IVSA.Results MDMA intake increased under both TA during acquisition to a greater extent in the 30°C group. The magnitude of hypothermia was initially equivalent between groups but diminished over training in the 30°C group. Within-session activity was initially lower in the 30° C group, but by the end of acquisition and maintenance, activity was similar for both groups. When TA conditions were swapped, the hot-trained group increased MDMA IVSA under 20 °C TA and modest decreases in drug intake were observed in the cold-trained group under 30 °C TA. Subsequent non-contingent MDMA (1.0-5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) found that rats with higher MDMA IVSA rates showed blunted hypothermia compared with rats with lower IVSA levels; however, within-session activity did not differ by group. High TA increased intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in a different group of rats but MDMA reduced thresholds at low, but not high, TA.Conclusions High TA appears to enhance acquisition of MDMA IVSA through an aversive effect and not via thermoregulatory motivation.