RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Wild tobacco genomes reveal the evolution of nicotine biosynthesis
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 107565
DO 10.1101/107565
A1 Shuqing Xu
A1 Thomas Brockmöller
A1 Aura Navarro-Quezada
A1 Heiner Kuhl
A1 Klaus Gase
A1 Zhihao Ling
A1 Wenwu Zhou
A1 Christoph Kreitzer
A1 Mario Stanke
A1 Haibao Tang
A1 Eric Lyons
A1 Priyanka Pandey
A1 Shree P. Pandey
A1 Bernd Timmermann
A1 Emmanuel Gaquerel
A1 Ian T. Baldwin
YR 2017
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/10/107565.abstract
AB Nicotine, the signature alkaloid of Nicotiana species responsible for the addictive properties of human tobacco smoking, functions as a defensive neurotoxin against attacking herbivores. However, the evolution of the genetic features that contributed to the assembly of the nicotine biosynthetic pathway remains unknown. We sequenced and assembled genomes of two wild tobaccos, Nicotiana attenuata (2.5 Gb) and N. obtusifolia (1.5 Gb), two ecological models for investigating adaptive traits in nature. We show that after the Solanaceae whole genome triplication event, a repertoire of rapidly expanding transposable elements (TEs) bloated these Nicotiana genomes, promoted expression divergences among duplicated genes and contributed to the evolution of herbivory-induced signaling and defenses, including nicotine biosynthesis. The biosynthetic machinery that allows for nicotine synthesis in the roots evolved from the stepwise duplications of two ancient primary metabolic pathways: the polyamine and nicotinic acid dinucleotide (NAD) pathways. While the duplication of the former is shared among several Solanaceous genera which produce polyamine-derived tropane alkaloids, the innovation and efficient production of nicotine in the genus Nicotiana required lineage-specific duplications within the NAD pathway and the evolution of root-specific expression of the duplicated Solanaceae-specific ethylene response factor (ERF) that activates the expression of all nicotine biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, TE insertions that incorporated transcription factor binding motifs also likely contributed to the coordinated metabolic flux of the nicotine biosynthetic pathway. Together, these results provide evidence that TEs and gene duplications facilitated the emergence of a key metabolic innovation relevant to plant fitness.