RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States revealed through genomic epidemiology
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 104794
DO 10.1101/104794
A1 Nathan D Grubaugh
A1 Jason T Ladner
A1 Moritz UG Kraemer
A1 Gytis Dudas
A1 Amanda L Tan
A1 Karthik Gangavarapu
A1 Michael R Wiley
A1 Stephen White
A1 Julien Thézé
A1 Diogo M Magnani
A1 Karla Prieto
A1 Daniel Reyes
A1 Andrea Bingham
A1 Lauren M Paul
A1 Refugio Robles-Sikisaka
A1 Glenn Oliveira
A1 Darryl Pronty
A1 Hayden C Metsky
A1 Mary Lynn Baniecki
A1 Kayla G Barnes
A1 Bridget Chak
A1 Catherine A Freije
A1 Adrianne Gladden-Young
A1 Andreas Gnirke
A1 Cynthia Luo
A1 Bronwyn MacInnis
A1 Christian B Matranga
A1 Daniel J Park
A1 James Qu
A1 Stephen F Schaffner
A1 Christopher Tomkins-Tinch
A1 Kendra L West
A1 Sarah M Winnicki
A1 Shirlee Wohl
A1 Nathan L Yozwiak
A1 Joshua Quick
A1 Joseph R Fauver
A1 Kamran Khan
A1 Shannon E Brent
A1 Robert C Reiner, Jr.
A1 Paola N Lichtenberger
A1 Michael Ricciardi
A1 Varian K Bailey
A1 David I Watkins
A1 Marshall R Cone
A1 Edgar W Kopp IV
A1 Kelly N Hogan
A1 Andrew C Cannons
A1 Reynald Jean
A1 Robert F Garry
A1 Nicholas J Loman
A1 Nuno R Faria
A1 Mario C Porcelli
A1 Chalmers Vasquez
A1 Elyse R Nagle
A1 Derek AT Cummings
A1 Danielle Stanek
A1 Andrew Rambaut
A1 Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
A1 Pardis C Sabeti
A1 Leah D Gillis
A1 Scott F Michael
A1 Trevor Bedford
A1 Oliver G Pybus
A1 Sharon Isern
A1 Gustavo Palacios
A1 Kristian G Andersen
YR 2017
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/03/104794.abstract
AB Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital syndromes1,2. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was first reported in the continental United States and since then, hundreds of locally-acquired infections have been reported in Florida3. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of introduction of ZIKV into the continental United States, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Miami, Florida by direct sequencing of ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least four distinct ZIKV introductions contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission likely started in the spring of 2016 - several months before its initial detection. By analyzing surveillance and genetic data, we discovered that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions are phylogenetically linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. By comparing mosquito abundance and travel flows, we describe the areas of southern Florida that are especially vulnerable to ZIKV introductions. Our study provides a deeper understanding of how ZIKV initiates and sustains transmission in new regions.