TY - JOUR T1 - Co-estimating Reticulate Phylogenies and Gene Trees from Multi-locus Sequence Data JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/095539 SP - 095539 AU - Dingqiao Wen AU - Luay Nakhleh Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/12/19/095539.abstract N2 - The multispecies network coalescent (MSNC) is a stochastic process that captures how gene trees grow within the branches of a phylogenetic network. Coupling the MSNC with a stochastic mutational process that operates along the branches of the gene trees gives rise to a generative model of how multiple loci from within and across species evolve in the presence of both incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene flow. We report on the first Bayesian method for sampling the parameters of this generative model, including the species phylogeny, gene trees, divergence times, and population sizes, from DNA sequences of multiple independent loci. We demonstrate the utility of our method by analyzing simulated data and reanalyzing three biological data sets. Our results demonstrate the significance of not only co-estimating species phylogenies and gene trees, but also accounting for gene flow and ILS simultaneously. In particular, we show that when gene flow occurs, our method accurately estimates the evolutionary histories, coalescence times, and divergence times. Methods that do not account for gene flow, on the other hand, underestimate divergence times and overestimate coalescence times. ER -